Fracture: A break or crack in a bone.

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Sprain: Stretching or tearing of ligaments, which connect bones to each other.

Strain: Overstretching or tearing of muscles or tendons, which connect muscles to bones.

Contusion: A bruise, typically caused by blunt force trauma.

Laceration: A deep cut or tear in the skin.

Hematoma: A collection of blood outside of blood vessels, often forming a bruise or swelling.

Concussion: A traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head or violent shaking of the head.

Abrasion: A superficial injury to the skin, often referred to as a scrape.

Dislocation: Displacement of a bone from its normal position within a joint.

Tendonitis: Inflammation of a tendon, usually due to overuse or repetitive motion.

Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints and reduce friction.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the median nerve in the wrist, leading to pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand and arm.

Rotator Cuff Injury: Damage to the muscles and tendons surrounding the shoulder joint.

Herniated Disc: When the soft center of a spinal disc pushes through a crack in the tougher exterior casing, often causing pain or numbness.

Degenerative Disc Disease: Wear and tear on spinal discs, typically causing pain and stiffness.

Sciatica: Pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, typically down the lower back, hip, and back of the leg.

Whiplash: Neck injury resulting from a sudden, forceful back-and-forth movement of the neck, often due to a rear-end car collision.

Burns: Damage to the skin caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation.

Amputation: Surgical removal of a body part, usually a limb or extremity.

Dysarthria: Difficulty in speaking due to weakness or lack of coordination of the muscles used for speech.

Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing.

Ataxia: Lack of muscle coordination, leading to unsteady movements and difficulty with balance and coordination.

Dystonia: A movement disorder in which muscles contract involuntarily, causing repetitive or twisting movements.

Myoclonus: Brief, involuntary muscle twitching or jerking.

Agnosia: Inability to recognize or interpret sensory information, such as objects or faces.

Apraxia: Difficulty with voluntary movements despite the absence of muscle weakness.

Dysuria: Painful or difficult urination.

Hematuria: Presence of blood in the urine.

Pyuria: Presence of white blood cells in the urine often indicates an infection.

Xerostomia: Dry mouth, often due to reduced saliva production.

Dyschezia: Painful or difficult defecation.

Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath.

Orthopnea: Difficulty breathing while lying flat.

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND): Sudden onset of severe shortness of breath that occurs during sleep.

Tachypnea: Abnormally rapid breathing.

Bradypnea: Abnormally slow breathing.

Atelectasis: Collapse or closure of a part of the lung, leading to reduced or absent gas exchange.

Pleurisy: Inflammation of the lining of the lungs and chest cavity, causing sharp chest pain that worsens with breathing.

Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract.

Hematemesis: Vomiting blood.

Dysphonia: Difficulty speaking due to voice changes or hoarseness.

Chronic Pain Syndrome: Persistent pain lasting beyond the normal healing time, often associated with psychological factors.

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